FGV (2023):
QUESTÃO CERTA: Érica e Joana travaram intenso debate a respeito das classificações existentes em relação à intervenção do Estado no domínio econômico. Érica defendia que a denominada “intervenção por absorção” é incompatível com a forma como deve se desenvolver a intervenção do Estado no domínio econômico, que sempre deve ocorrer em igualdade de condições com a iniciativa privada, inclusive em relação a todas as atividades passíveis de serem exploradas, Joana, por sua vez, -defendia que a denominada “intervenção ofensiva” é compatível com a ordem constitucional brasileira, refletindo uma forma de intervenção que não pode descurar, conforme previsão legal, dos imperativos de segurança nacional ou de relevante interesse coletivo. Inês, ao ouvir os referidos argumentos, concluiu, corretamente, que: Joana está certa, e a criação de empresas para atuar em nome do Estado caracteriza a modalidade de intervenção que analisou.
A intervenção por absorção ocorre quando o Estado presta serviços ou exerce determinadas atividades econômicas em regime de monopólio, ou seja, absorve para si completamente uma atividade.
Já na intervenção ofensiva, o Estado cria empresas públicas e sociedades de economia mista para atuarem (competirem ofensivamente) em seu próprio nome.
Nela, o Estado parte diretamente para o exercício de uma determinada atividade econômica em igualdade de condições com o particular.
Essa modalidade intervencionista atualmente está reduzida aos casos elencados na Constituição Federal ou quando necessária aos imperativos da segurança nacional ou a relevante interesse coletivo, segundo regras fixadas em lei.
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