Decreto regulamentar é aquele pelo qual são dispostas normas e procedimentos com o objetivo único de explicar e assessorar, tanto os administrados quanto os próprios agentes públicos, no correto cumprimento das leis, não podendo ultrapassá-las. Sua previsão se encontra no artigo 84, IV da Carta Magna, que determina que “Compete privativamente ao Presidente da República sancionar, promulgar e fazer publicar as leis, bem como expedir decretos e regulamentos para sua fiel execução”. Assim, esses decretos normativos servem para colocar em vigor um regulamento que é um “manual de procedimentos”, sendo por isso chamados de decretos regulamentares ou de execução. (Não pode ser delegado).
Decreto autônomo, ou independente, de forma diversa, é aquele, existente em determinados países, que trata de matéria não regulada em lei. A doutrina e a jurisprudência eram unânimes em afirmar não haver esse tipo de decreto no Brasil, vez que apenas a lei poderia tratar de forma originária qualquer questão, entretanto, atualmente, após a emenda constitucional no 32/01, existe a previsão excepcional desse tipo de decreto no artigo 84 VI da Constituição:
“Art. 84. Compete privativamente ao Presidente da República: … VI – dispor, mediante decreto, sobre: a) organização e funcionamento da administração federal, quando não implicar aumento de despesa nem criação ou extinção de órgãos públicos; b) extinção de funções ou cargos públicos, quando vagos;”
Entende-se que esse tipo excepcional de decreto, por tratar diretamente de assunto não regido por lei, é um decreto autônomo, sendo que a alínea (a) demonstra um ato geral (organização da Administração), sendo assim um decreto autônomo com caráter abstrato, regulamentar, chamado de regulamento autônomo, enquanto a alínea (b) prevê um ato individual, de efeitos concretos (extinção daquele cargo), podendo, portanto, ser chamado de decreto autônomo, mas não de regulamento autônomo. (Pode ser delegado aos Ministros de Estado, PGR e ao AGU, conforme o P. U. Do art. 84, CF)
A Constituição Federal permite que o Presidente da República autorize um ministro a editar decreto (autônomo) para organizar o funcionamento da administração federal (manifestação do Poder Regulamentar). Veja:
Parágrafo único. O Presidente da República poderá delegar as atribuições mencionadas nos incisos VI, XII e XXV, primeira parte, aos Ministros de Estado, ao Procurador-Geral da República ou ao Advogado-Geral da União, que observarão os limites traçados nas respectivas delegações.
VI – Dispor, mediante decreto, sobre:
a) organização e funcionamento da administração federal, quando não implicar aumento de despesa nem criação ou extinção de órgãos públicos;
ATENÇÃO: Essa delegação de decreto diz respeito a um decreto autônomo. O decreto regulamentar não poderá ser delegado.
QUESTÃO CERTA: Compete privativamente ao Presidente da República sancionar, promulgar e fazer publicar as leis, bem como expedir decretos e regulamentos para sua fiel execução, mas é possível a delegação a Ministro de Estado para dispor, mediante decreto, sobre organização e funcionamento da administração federal.
QUESTÃO CERTA: Insere-se no âmbito do poder regulamentar a competência privativa, não passível de delegação, do presidente da República para expedir decretos para a fiel execução das leis.
Não serão passíveis de delegação:
Edição de atos normativos;
DEcisões de recursos administrativos;
MAtéria de competência exclusiva.
Muita gente erra essa questão por desconhecer a diferença de decreto regulamentar (que não pode ser delegado) com decreto autônomo (que pode ser delegado). Decreto regulamentar (expedido apenas para dar fiel execução às leis) não pode ser delegado.
Já decreto autônomo, aqueles elencados no art. 84, V e VI da CF podem ser delegados.
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