Segundo a doutrina e o voto do Min. Joaquim Barbosa no MS 24.631/DF, existem três espécies de parecer:
1. FACULTATIVO:
O administrador NÃO é obrigado a solicitar o parecer do órgão jurídico. O administrador pode discordar da conclusão exposta pelo parecer, desde que o faça fundamentadamente. Em regra, o parecerista não tem responsabilidade pelo ato administrativo. Contudo, o parecerista pode ser responsabilizado se ficar configurada a existência de culpa ou erro grosseiro.
2. OBRIGATÓRIO:
O administrador é obrigado a solicitar o parecer do órgão jurídico. O administrador pode discordar da conclusão exposta pelo parecer, desde que o faça fundamentadamente com base em um novo parecer. Em regra, o parecerista não tem responsabilidade pelo ato administrativo. Contudo, o parecerista pode ser responsabilizado se ficar configurada a existência de culpa ou erro grosseiro.
3. VINCULANTE:
O administrador é obrigado a solicitar o parecer do órgão jurídico. O administrador NÃO pode discordar da conclusão exposta pelo parecer. Ou o administrador decide nos termos da conclusão do parecer ou, então, não decide. Há uma partilha do poder de decisão entre o administrador e o parecerista, já que a decisão do administrador deve ser de acordo com o parecer. Logo, o parecerista responde solidariamente com o administrador pela prática do ato, não sendo necessário demonstrar culpa ou erro grosseiro
CEBRASPE (2009)
QUESTÃO CERTA: Acerca da advocacia pública consultiva, julgue o item a seguir. No que tange às repercussões da natureza jurídicoadministrativa d o parecer jurídico, o STF entende que: quando a consulta é facultativa, a autoridade não se vincula ao parecer proferido, de modo que seu poder de decisão não se altera pela manifestação do órgão consultivo; por outro lado, quando a consulta é obrigatória, a autoridade administrativa se vincula a emitir o ato tal como submetido à consultoria, com parecer favorável ou contrário, e, se pretender praticar ato de forma diversa da apresentada à consultoria, deverá submetê-lo a novo parecer; por fim, quando a lei estabelece a obrigação de decidir à luz de parecer vinculante, essa manifestação de teor jurídico deixa de ser meramente opinativa, não podendo a decisão do administrador ir de encontro à conclusão do parecer.
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