Excedente Operacional Bruto

Por
Rebeca Monteiro
-
209
2315

QUESTÃO CERTA:  Considere:

A = Produto Interno Bruto

B= Remuneração dos empregados

C = Impostos sobre a produção e a importação

D = Subsídios à produção

E = Excedente operacional bruto e rendimento misto bruto

É correto, então, afirmar que: A = B + C – D + E

Rescrevendo temos: E = Produto interno Bruto – Remuneração – Impostos + Subsídios

É a fórmula do EOB:

EOB + RMB = RIB – RE – Imp + Sub

E = A – B – C + D

A = E + B + C – 

QUESTÃO CERTA: Um aumento do excedente operacional bruto pode ser decorrente do aumento das exportações de bens e serviços de não-fatores.

O EOB é representado pelo lucro das empresas.  Se há aumento das X, há maiores lucros. 

Excedente operacional = Lucro líquido – Receitas financeiras + Despesas financeiras. 

EO = LL – RF + DF

Reorganizado, temos: 

EO = LL + DF – RF

obs.: Juros pagos = despesa e juros recebidos = receita. 

QUESTÃO CERTA: Considere os seguintes dados extraídos de um Sistema de Contas Nacionais, em unidades monetárias:

Produto Interno Bruto: 1.162; 
Remuneração dos empregados: 450; 
Rendimento misto bruto (rendimento de autônomos): 150; 
Impostos sobre a produção e importação: 170; 
Subsídios à produção e importação: 8; 
Despesa de consumo final: 900; 
Exportação de bens e serviços: 100; 
Importação de bens e serviços: 38. 

Com base nessas informações, os valores para a formação bruta de capital fixo e para o excedente operacional bruto serão, respectivamente,

1) Fórmula do produto interno bruto a preço de mercado (PIBmc): Y = C + I + G + X – M. Trocando em miúdos: PIB = Consumo (das famílias) + Investimento (das empresas) + Gasto (do Governo) + eXportação – iMportação. Os valores explicitamente dados são os seguintes: Y=1.162; X=100; e M=38. Por conseguinte, temos de encontrar G, C e, o mais importante (pois é o que a primeira parte da questão pede), I. 

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2) Encontrando G. Neste caso, G será o somatório de Remuneração dos empregados (450), Rendimento misto bruto (150) e Subsídios à produção e importação (8). Logo, G = 450 + 150 + 8 –> G = 608. Agora, podemos encontrar C. 

3) Encontrando C. É informado que a Despesa de consumo final é 900. Ora, a fórmula do Consumo Final (CF) é: CF = C + G. Logo, 900 = C + 608 –> C = 292. 

4) Encontrando I. Lembrando que I é a soma da “formação bruta de capital fixo” (FBCF) com a “variação de estoque” (Estoque). Dado que a questão não informou o valor do Estoque, pressupõe-se que o mesmo é zero (0). Assim, assumimos que o valor da FBCF será igual a I. Retomemos à fórmula do PIB: 

Y = C + I + G + X – M

1.162 = 292 + I + 608 + 100 – 38

I = 200 = FBCF. 

1) Encontrando a fórmula do EOB. O EOB é dado pelo produto interno bruto a custo de fatores (PIBcf, ou seja, o que se gastou com os meios de produção, como maquinário) menos a remuneração dos empregados (neste caso, 450+150=600). Em outras palavras, EOB = PIBcf – 600. 

2) Encontrando a fórmula do PIBcf. Sabendo que a fórmula do PIBpm pode ser dada também pela soma do PIBcf com os impostos indiretos (II), subtraindo os subsídios dados, tem-se que: PIBpm = PIBcf + II – subsídios. Logo: PIBcf = PIBpm – II + subsídios. 

3) Encontrando o PIBcf. Juntando as fórmulas do EOB e do PIBcf, tem-se que:

EOB = PIBcf – 600

EOB = (PIBpm – II + subsídios) – 600

EOB = (1.162 – 170 + 8) – 600

EOB = 400. 

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