Estrutura do Balanço de pagamentos:
(+) BALANÇA COMERCIAL
(+) SERVIÇOS
(+) RENDAS
(+/-) TRANSFERÊNCIAS UNILATERAIS CORRENTES .
(=) SALDO EM CONTA CORRENTE/ TRANSAÇÕES CORRENTES
(+) CONTA CAPITAL E FINANCEIRA (CAPITAIS AUTÔNOMOS).
(+) ERROS E OMISSÕES
(=) SALDO TOTAL DO BALANÇO DE PAGAMENTOS
(+) VARIAÇÃO DAS RESERVAS INTERNACIONAIS OU HAVERES
Principais Itens da Conta Financeira:
Registra as transferências unilaterais de ativos reais, financeiros e intangíveis entre residentes e não residentes; envolvem direitos de propriedade sobre ativos e não renda 2 categorias:
• Transferências de bens não financeiros não produzidos (cessão de patentes e direitos autorais sem contrapartida financeira);
• Transferências unilaterais de capital que incluem ativos reais e financeiros;
Sobre a Conta Financeira:
1) Investimentos diretos:
a) Investimento direto no exterior: registra ativos externos detidos por residentes no Brasil sob forma de investimento direto.
b) Investimento direto no Brasil: representa a conta de passivo do grupo investimento direto.
2) Investimento em carteira: registra fluxos de ativos e passivos constituídos pela emissão de títulos de crédito negociados, em geral, em mercados secundários de papéis.
3) Derivativos financeiros: Registram fluxos financeiros relativos à liquidação de haveres e obrigações decorrentes de operações de opções e futuros e os fluxos relativos a prêmios de opções.
4) Outros investimentos: financiamentos, moedas e depósitos (ex: depósitos em caução), créditos comerciais (por exemplo, para exportadores estrangeiros a clientes no Brasil), empréstimos diretos (excluídos os intercompanhias), financiamentos a importações na modalidade de crédito de compradores, e os concedidos pelos organismos internacionais e agências governamentais; empréstimos à Autoridade Monetária, outros ativos e passivos.
Conta capital: registra transferências unilaterais de ativos reais, ativos financeiros ou ativos intangíveis entre residentes e não-residentes. Transferências relacionadas com patrimônio de imigrantes e aquisição ou alienação de bens não financeiros não produzidos (cessão patentes e marcas). Registra as transferências unilaterais de ativos reais, financeiros e intangíveis entre residentes e não residentes; Envolvem direitos de propriedade sobre ativos e não renda 2 categorias: • Transferências de bens não financeiros não produzidos (cessão de patentes e direitos autorais sem contrapartida financeira) • Transferências unilaterais de capital que incluem ativos reais e financeiros.
QUESTÃO CERTA: As Contas Capital e Financeira contemplam: Conta Capital, Investimentos Brasileiros no Exterior, Investimentos Estrangeiros no Brasil e Ativos de Reservas Internacionais.
QUESTÃO ERRADA: Os itens “financiamentos” e “empréstimos do FMI” fazem parte da conta de Capitais Autônomos.
Negativo. Esses itens estão na conta capital financeira. A conta de capital e financeira contabiliza as transações financeiras entre o Brasil e o resto do mundo.
QUESTÃO CERTA: A partir de janeiro de 2001, o Banco Central do Brasil passou a divulgar o Balanço de Pagamentos de acordo com a metodologia contida na 5ª edição do Manual de Balanço de Pagamentos do Fundo Monetário Internacional. A alternativa que representa uma modificação metodológica é: Criou-se a conta financeira em substituição à conta de capitais autônomos.
Conta Capital registra as transferências unilaterais de capital relacionadas com patrimônio de migrantes e a aquisição/alienação de bens não financeiros não produzidos, tais como cessão de patentes e marcas.
QUESTÃO ERRADA: A aquisição por investidor estrangeiro de ações de empresa estatal é registrada como crédito na conta de serviços do balanço de pagamentos.
Essa aquisição é registrada na conta financeira em investimentos estrangeiros diretos: Investimentos estrangeiros diretos (IED) engloba a participação no capital total ou parcial de empresas sediadas no país e os empréstimos intercompanhia, concedidos pelas matrizes no exterior a suas filiais no país e os recebidos pelas matrizes no exterior concedidos por suas filiais no Brasil.
QUESTÃO ERRADA: Os lucros das empresas estrangeiras reinvestidos no Brasil são contabilizados como crédito na conta capital e financeira do balanço de pagamentos brasileiro.
Lucros das empresas reinvestidos é DEBITADO da Balança de Serviços e Rendas (Balanço de Rendas) e CREDITADO na Conta de Capital e Financeira.
QUESTÃO CERTA: Um determinado país realizou, durante um ano, as transações com o exterior mostradas na tabela abaixo. Com base nessas informações e nos conceitos relacionados ao balanço de pagamentos, julgue o próximo item. O saldo das contas capital e financeira é de oito bilhões de unidades monetárias.
Apenas dois movimentos listados na tabela são registrados nas contas capital e financeira. São o recebimento de empréstimos do exterior e o recebimento de recursos relacionados à cessão de patentes. E ambos representam entrada de moeda estrangeira no país. Logo, elevam o saldo das contas capital e financeira. Então, se somarmos ambos, temos, de fato, saldo de oito bilhões (5+3).
QUESTÃO CERTA:
Com base nos dados da tabela acima – que apresenta, em unidades monetárias (UA), informações acerca de transações do país hipotético X com o resto do mundo no ano 20XX –, e considerando que o PIB dessa economia no ano 20XX tenha sido igual 1.000 UA, julgue os itens de 62 a 67. O saldo da conta capital e financeira de X é igual a 100 UA.
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