Quando se estuda o acordo de leniência (previsto na Lei 12.846 – chamada de Lei Anticorrupção) é importante ficar claro que a sua celebração prevê o alívio de penalidades descritas na lei. É que a lei diz que na esfera administrativa (sem envolvimento de juiz), as penas serão multa + publicação da decisão que a penalizou (apenas isso). Contudo, na esfera civil (judicial / com Poder Judiciário) as penas são outras:
Daí, a própria lei diz que se a empresa celebrar o acordo de leniência com o Poder Público, a ela serão concedidos benefícios que, nada mais são, do que o alívio, parcial ou total, dessas punições (em ambas as esferas). Vejamos em que grau as sanções no âmbito judicial / civil são abrandas.
Art. 19. Em razão da prática de atos previstos no art. 5º desta Lei, a União, os Estados, o Distrito Federal e os Municípios, por meio das respectivas Advocacias Públicas ou órgãos de representação judicial, ou equivalentes, e o Ministério Público, poderão ajuizar ação com vistas à aplicação das seguintes sanções às pessoas jurídicas infratoras:
I – perdimento dos bens, direitos ou valores que representem vantagem ou proveito direta ou indiretamente obtidos da infração, ressalvado o direito do lesado ou de terceiro de boa-fé;
II – suspensão ou interdição parcial de suas atividades;
III – dissolução compulsória da pessoa jurídica;
IV – proibição de receber incentivos, subsídios, subvenções, doações ou empréstimos de órgãos ou entidades públicas e de instituições financeiras públicas ou controladas pelo poder público, pelo prazo mínimo de 1 (um) e máximo de 5 (cinco) anos. [O acordo de leniência a isenta disso]
2º A celebração do acordo de leniência isentará a pessoa jurídica das sanções previstas no inciso II do art. 6º e no inciso IV do art. 19 (sanção judicial / civil) e reduzirá em até 2/3 (dois terços) o valor da multa aplicável (sanção administrativa).
FUNDEP (2017):
QUESTÃO ERRADA: A eventual celebração de acordo de leniência isenta a pessoa jurídica responsável pelos danos ao erário da sanção de dissolução compulsória.
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