Tipologia de Participação de Pretty (Políticas Públicas)

Por
Daniel Silva
-
523
3221

A tipologia elaborada por Pretty (1995) abarca os princípios da autonomia, da inclusão e do pluralismo. A autonomia é assumida no último estágio da tipologia de Pretty (1995), chamado de automobilização. Nesse estrato, os indivíduos buscam a participação tendo sido ou não integrados. Há mobilização e articulação permanente, que deve ser expandida com apoio externo (governamental ou não governamental). Ocorre, aqui, certo grau de independência em relação ao grupo que está centralizando o poder. O princípio da inclusão evoca a ideia de que todos devem ser tratados como igualmente qualificados para tomar parte das decisões. Na construção de Pretty (1995) isso pode ser percebido nos dois níveis finais (participação interativa e participação por automobilização). A participação interativa assume o trabalho coletivo e a tomada de decisão. A responsabilidade por tais atos é associada aos cidadãos participantes, o que reforça o princípio da inclusão nesta tipologia. No nível da automobilização as características da inclusão são mais acentuadas. Aqui a mobilização permanente do coletivo abre espaço para que todos sejam tratados como igualmente qualificados para participar. O controle dos processos democráticos, considerado produto e produtor da inclusão, é nítido ao se definir que a participação pode ocorrer sem qualquer “convite” prévio. Já o princípio do pluralismo pode ser notado mais especificamente nas vias da participação funcional, participação interativa e automobilização, pois arenas existem e conjugam múltiplos atores. Enquanto nos primeiros níveis – participação manipuladora, participação passiva e participação por consulta – há significativa concentração do poder, que limita a efetividade das vozes dos partícipes; já nos patamares seguintes tal fato é amenizado.

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FGV (2023):

QUESTÃO CERTA: No desenvolvimento de uma política pública podem existir diferentes formas de coprodução com o cidadão. Essa diferenciação ocorre em função do tipo de participação e envolvimento do cidadão ao longo do processo. Por exemplo, há políticas em que a comunidade toma as iniciativas e se articula, permanentemente, como microcosmo que age em prol do bem comum, independentemente de o cidadão ser ou não solicitado ou convocado pelo poder público. Essa modalidade de coprodução envolve a participação do tipo:

(A) por consulta;

(B) passiva;

(C) funcional;

(D) interativa;

(E) automobilização.

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Daniel Silva
https://cadernodeprova.com.br

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