Ackoff e Tipos de Planejamento (com exemplos)

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Ackoff aponta três tipos de filosofia do planejamento:

▸Planejamento conservador: é o planejamento voltado para a estabilidade e a manutenção da situação existente. As decisões são tomadas a fim de obter bons resultados, mas não necessariamente os melhores possíveis, pois dificilmente o planejamento procurará fazer mudanças radicais na organização. Sua ênfase é conservar as práticas atualmente vigentes. O planejamento conservador está mais preocupado em identificar e sanar deficiências e problemas internos do que em explorar oportunidades ambientais futuras. Sua base é predominantemente retrospectiva, no sentido de aproveitar a experiência passada e projetá-la para o futuro.

▸Planejamento otimizante: é o planejamento voltado para a adaptabilidade e inovação dentro da organização. As decisões são tomadas a fim de se obter o melhor resultado possível para a organização, seja minimizando recursos para alcançar um determinado desempenho ou objetivo, seja maximizando o desempenho para melhor utilizar os recursos disponíveis. O planejamento otimizante geralmente está baseado em uma preocupação em melhorar as práticas atualmente vigentes na organização. Sua base é predominantemente incremental, no sentido de melhorar continuamente, tornando as operações melhores a cada dia que passa.

▸Planejamento adaptativo: é o planejamento voltado para as contingências e o futuro da organização. As decisões são tomadas a fim de harmonizar os diferentes interesses envolvidos, elaborando uma composição capaz de levar a resultados para o desenvolvimento natural da empresa e ajustá-las às contingências que surjam no meio do caminho. O planejamento adaptativo procura reduzir o planejamento retrospectivo voltado para a eliminação das deficiências localizadas no passado da organização. Sua base é predominantemente aderente, no sentido de ajustar-se às demandas ambientais e preparar-se para as futuras contingências.

CEBRASPE (2020):

QUESTÃO CERTA: É necessário que as empresas, inclusive as nacionais, realizem planejamento adaptativo para enfrentar as mudanças no contexto econômico mundial e adequar-se às contingências mercadológicas.

QUESTÃO ERRADA: O administrador que segue um planejamento estratégico otimizante e analítico adota uma política de recursos humanos voltada para assegurar reação adequada a frequentes mudanças.

Planejamento otimizante: é o planejamento voltado para a adaptabilidade e inovação dentro da organização. As decisões são tomadas a fim de obter os melhores resultados visíveis para a organização, seja minimizando recursos para alcançar um determinado empenho ou objetivo, seja maximizando o desempenho para melhor utilizar os recursos disponíveis. O planejamento otimizante geralmente está baseado em uma preocupação melhorar as práticas atualmente vigentes na organização. Sua base é predominantemente incremental, no sentido de memorar continuamente, tornando as operações melhores a cada dia que passa.

QUESTÃO ERRADA: A organização que adota uma política de remuneração baseada em relações internas e busca eminentemente o equilíbrio interno se pauta no planejamento estratégico prospectivo/ ofensivo.

Como todo planejamento se subordina a uma filosofia de ação, Ackoff aponta três tipos de filosofia do planejamento estratégico:

– Planejamento conservador: é o planejament o visando a estabilidade e manutenção da situação vigente. Sua preocupação é identificar e corrigir problemas sem buscar novas oportunidades no ambiente.

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– Planejamento otimizante: é o planejamento que visa a adaptabilidade e inovação da organização. Preocupa-se com a melhora das práticas vigentes na empresa. Tem a pretensão de melhorar continuamente as operações.

– Planejamento prospectivo: é o planejamento voltado para o futuro da organização. Sua preocupação é adaptar-se as novas demandas do ambiente.

QUESTÃO ERRADA: Os gestores que decidem fazer as organizações permanecerem do mesmo tamanho ou crescerem paulatinamente adotam a estratégia conhecida como crescimento estabilizado.

Negativo. Esse é o planejamento conservador.

QUESTÃO CERTA: O planejamento estratégico adaptativo permite que organizações possam se tornar mais flexíveis na resposta a mudanças no ambiente.

QUESTÃO CERTA: “O planejamento considerado conservador é aquele voltado para as contingências e para o futuro da organização. ” Baseado em Chiavenato, a afirmativa anterior é: falsa, pois o enunciado traduz o conceito de planejamento adaptativo.

QUESTÃO CERTA: Para Russell L. Ackoff, todo planejamento se subordina a uma filosofia de ação. Esse autor aponta a existência de três tipos de filosofias do planejamento, quais sejam: Planejamento otimizante, adaptativo e conservador.

QUESTÃO CERTA: O tipo de planejamento voltado para a estabilidade e a manutenção da situação existente na organização é chamado de: planejamento conservador.

QUESTÃO ERRADA: O planejamento conservador é o planejamento que visa à adaptabilidade e à inovação da organização, preocupando-se com a melhoria das operações e das práticas vigentes na empresa.

QUESTÃO CERTA: Sobre as Filosofias do planejamento é correto afirmar: EXCETO: Planejamento de excelência: é o planejamento voltado somente para garantir os recursos necessários da folha de pagamento de pessoal.

Negativo.

  • Planejamento conservador. é o planejamento voltado para a estabilidade e para a manutenção da situação existente.
  • Planejamento otimizante: é o planejamento voltado para a adaptabilidade e inovação dentro da organização;
  • Planejamento adaptativo (prospectivo/ofensivo). é o planejamento voltado para as contingências e para o futuro da organização.

QUESTÃO CERTA: Em relação aos tipos de filosofia do planejamento apontados por Ackoff, citado por Chiavenato (2004), assinale a opção correta: O planejamento adaptativo é o planejamento voltado para as contingências e para o futuro das organizações. Sua base é predominantemente aderente.

QUESTÃO CERTA: O planejamento consiste em uma tomada antecipada de decisões, e pode se subordinar a alguns tipos de filosofia. Ackoff, citado por Chiavenato (2010), aponta três tipos de filosofia do planejamento. Como se denomina a filosofia do planejamento voltada para a adaptabilidade e inovação dentro da organização, na qual as decisões são tomadas no sentido de se obterem os melhores resultados possíveis? Planejamento otimizante.

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